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DTSTART:20251102T020000
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DESCRIPTION:Solving the Puzzle of why India is a Democracy and Pakistan is 
 not Since the 1977 election in India\, India’s democracy has been slowly s
 trengthened\; in Pakistan\, after Bhutto’s rigged 1977 election\, the mili
 tary has continued to entrench itself in power\, even during 13 years of “
 democratic” rule. These differing trajectories are best explained by the b
 alance of power between the bureaucracy and military versus elected politi
 cians\, during the colonial period\, in the early years of independence\, 
 ending with the 1958 coup in Pakistan and the 1964 death of Nehru. The int
 ermittent alliance with the U.S. plays an important part in Pakistan’s pat
 tern of periods of army rule\, but differences in socio-economic structure
  or religion do not significantly explain the divergent paths.&nbsp\;&nbsp
 \;
DTEND:20100914T200000Z
DTSTAMP:20260511T010657Z
DTSTART:20100914T200000Z
LOCATION:
SEQUENCE:0
SUMMARY:Phillip Oldenburg
UID:RFCALITEM639140440179380684
X-ALT-DESC;FMTTYPE=text/html:Solving the Puzzle of why India is a Democracy
  and Pakistan is not Since the 1977 election in India\, India’s democracy 
 has been slowly strengthened\; in Pakistan\, after Bhutto’s rigged 1977 el
 ection\, the military has continued to entrench itself in power\, even dur
 ing 13 years of “democratic” rule. These differing trajectories are best e
 xplained by the balance of power between the bureaucracy and military vers
 us elected politicians\, during the colonial period\, in the early years o
 f independence\, ending with the 1958 coup in Pakistan and the 1964 death 
 of Nehru. The intermittent alliance with the U.S. plays an important part 
 in Pakistan’s pattern of periods of army rule\, but differences in socio-e
 conomic structure or religion do not significantly explain the divergent p
 aths.&nbsp\;&nbsp\;
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