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DESCRIPTION:The Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs' Trade\, Development a
 nd Political Economy presents Lydia Cox. The U.S. tariff code has a surpri
 sing and little-known feature: tariffs are systematically higher on lower-
 end versions of goods relative to their higher-end counterparts. For examp
 le\, a handbag made of reptile leather has a tariff rate of 5.3 percent\, 
 while a plastic-sided handbag has a tariff rate of 16 percent. In this pap
 er\, we document the presence\, historical origins\, and consequences of t
 his regressive pattern. Regressive tariffs are present throughout the tari
 ff code\, but are especially pervasive in consumer goods categories\, wher
 e tariffs are 4 percentage points higher\, on average\, for low-value vari
 eties. Using a newly constructed dataset on legislated tariffs that covers
  all major trade agreements back to the 1930 Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act\, we 
 show that this variation in rates across varieties largely originated in t
 rade agreements made in the 1930s and 40s and has persisted over time. Wel
 fare estimates suggest that the regressive nature of tariff rates on consu
 mer goods has important distributional consequences.Lydia Cox is an empiri
 cal trade economist whose research is particularly concerned with the dete
 rminants and consequences of trade policy.&nbsp\; She is a Postdoctoral Fe
 llow at the Yale University Cowles Foundation and will be an Assistant Pro
 fessor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison starting in 2023.&nbsp\; She
  earned her PhD from Harvard University in 2022.
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SUMMARY:The Regressive Nature of the U.S. Tariff  Code: Origins and Implica
 tions
UID:RFCALITEM639121243710715177
X-ALT-DESC;FMTTYPE=text/html:<p>The Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs' T
 rade\, Development and Political Economy presents Lydia Cox. The U.S. tari
 ff code has a surprising and little-known feature: tariffs are systematica
 lly higher on lower-end versions of goods relative to their higher-end cou
 nterparts. For example\, a handbag made of reptile leather has a tariff ra
 te of 5.3 percent\, while a plastic-sided handbag has a tariff rate of 16 
 percent. In this paper\, we document the presence\, historical origins\, a
 nd consequences of this regressive pattern. Regressive tariffs are present
  throughout the tariff code\, but are especially pervasive in consumer goo
 ds categories\, where tariffs are 4 percentage points higher\, on average\
 , for low-value varieties. Using a newly constructed dataset on legislated
  tariffs that covers all major trade agreements back to the 1930 Smoot-Haw
 ley Tariff Act\, we show that this variation in rates across varieties lar
 gely originated in trade agreements made in the 1930s and 40s and has pers
 isted over time. Welfare estimates suggest that the regressive nature of t
 ariff rates on consumer goods has important distributional consequences.</
 p><p>Lydia Cox is an empirical trade economist whose research is particula
 rly concerned with the determinants and consequences of trade policy.&nbsp
 \; She is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Yale University Cowles Foundation a
 nd will be an Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison s
 tarting in 2023.&nbsp\; She earned her PhD from Harvard University in 2022
 .</p>
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