Studies make it clear that crime in sanctuary jurisdictions is lower than in non-sanctuary cities, according to Elizabeth Cohen, associate professor of political science.

"While both the Confederacy and Nazi Germany waged wars to defend white supremacy, those two symbols were mostly kept apart for decades after World War II," says Steven White, incoming assistant professor of political science. "How those two symbols of white supremacy have come to overlap tells us a great deal about how white racist extremism developed— and where it might go."